Hip dysplasia is one of the most common joint diseases in animals. It occurs most commonly in large breed dogs such as Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, and Rottweilers, although it can occur even in small breeds. The root problem with hip dysplasia is a malformation of the hip joints, which over time leads to arthritis.

Hip dysplasia is, in part, a genetic disease. It is most common in purebred dogs, and dogs that are known to have bad hips should not be used for breeding to avoid passing this painful problem along to their puppies. There is an organization, the Orthopedic Foundation of America (OFA), that evaluates X-rays of potential breeding dogs and certifies the condition of their hips. When looking for a puppy of a breed that is known to have problems with hip dysplasia, it is wise to ask if the parents have had their hips certified. Breeding only dogs that have good hips is not an absolute guarantee that the puppies will not have problems, but it will definitely decrease the chance.

Another factor that has been shown to influence hip problems is rapid weight gain in growing puppies. Large breed puppies certainly have a lot of growing to do in a relatively short period of time. But, if they are fed a diet too high in fat, protein, and calories, they may grow too rapidly and effectively "outgrow" their hip joints. This phenomenon has led to the development of special diets designed for large breed puppies, which will provide everything they need to grow properly but not an excess of nutrients.

Signs of hip dysplasia usually start in young dogs, although they may be subtle and not noticed until the dog becomes older. Decreased activity, difficulty getting up, reluctance to climb stairs or jump, a "bunny hopping" gait, and lameness in the hind limbs especially after exercise are all common symptoms in dogs with hip dysplasia. X-rays are used to confirm the diagnosis.

There are a variety of treatments available for hip dysplasia, depending on the severity of the disease. One of the simplest yet most helpful things that can be done is to keep the dog on the slim side of his normal weight. Excess weight put more strain on the joints which causes more pain. Medications like glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate may help prevent damage to the cartilage in the joints and are generally very safe. Antiinflammatory drugs may be prescribed to help with pain, though these drugs have several potential side effects, so they should be used only under the supervision of your veterinarian.

In severe cases surgery may be required. Some dogs may have hip replacement surgery through the same surgery that is used on people. This is the best option for dogs with as severe, debilitating problems as it gives them the best chance for a normal life. It is only possible in medium and large dogs, however, since the joint implants cannot be made small enough for dogs weighing less than about 40 pounds at this time. For cats and smaller dogs, there are other surgical options that may help your pet be more comfortable.